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data-w2p_remote="/kcms/components/sidebar_newcomments?u_id=5" id="c839750706654">loading...</div> <div data-w2p_remote="/kcms/components/sidebar_friends?u_id=5" id="c498886231004">loading...</div> <div data-w2p_remote="/kcms/components/sidebar_flash?u_id=5" id="c0285948057939">loading...</div> <div data-w2p_remote="/kcms/components/recomments?u_id=5" id="c277873827688">loading...</div> <div data-w2p_remote="/kcms/components/sidebar_links?u_id=5" id="c998517971333">loading...</div> </div> <div id="ao1tt2y" class="sep"> </div> <div id="0xrpvvx" class='column2'> <div id="vk9uuxh" class='conn'> <div id="wd96mnl" class='connhead columntitle'> <span id="bjkc4do" class='title'>正文</span> </div> <div id="nb27s5u" class='connbody blockedage'> <div style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div id="q4foed3" class='article F'> <div id="zxodtn4" class='articleTitle' style="text-align:center;"> <h2>第四十九講：不當(dāng)?shù)莫剟?/h2> <span id="1u1hbut" class='time'>(2007-03-09 10:41:00)</span> <span id="xlxou9o" class='editit'><a href="/kcms/blog/blog?b_id=20603">[編輯]</a></span> </div> <div id="kyciyyh" class='articleTag'> <span>分類：</span> <a href="/kcms/blog/lst?sys_types=%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E8%AF%BE%E5%A0%82&tp=blogs">父母課堂</a> <a href="/kcms/blog/bloglist?status=publish&u_id=5&user_types=%E7%BD%91%E4%B8%8A%E5%AE%B6%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%A6%E5%A0%82">網(wǎng)上家長學(xué)堂</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="kcms.saveit('blogs',20603);">【收藏該博客】</a> </div> <div id="6pq50yx" class='articleContent'> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">不當(dāng)?shù)莫剟?br />獎勵是對受獎?wù)撸ㄟ@里指孩子）特別突出的或優(yōu)秀的思想、行為作出肯<br />定評價，并用以鞏固和發(fā)揚其優(yōu)良行為的、不可缺少的輔助的鼓勵方法。它<br />可以使孩子產(chǎn)生榮譽感和很強的內(nèi)在推動力，能夠激勵他們在已有的成績上<br />更進一步。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">正確的獎勵應(yīng)該做到以下幾點：</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">1.確屬突出進步、突出事跡或優(yōu)秀行為方可給予獎勵。<br />2.獎勵時要對受獎?wù)叩倪M步、事跡或優(yōu)良行為給予分析評價，使之在受<br />獎過程中受到教育和鼓勵。<br />3.要創(chuàng)造莊重的獎勵環(huán)境和氣氛。<br />4.獎品有積極意義。也可采用活動性獎勵，如參觀、旅游、探親等。<br />5.獎勵的物量要適當(dāng)（與受獎?wù)哌M步、事跡、行為等量）。<br />6.受獎?wù)咴谑塥労髴?yīng)談?wù)勛约旱母惺堋?br />7.要選擇最佳授獎時機授獎。<br />不當(dāng)獎勵在家庭教育中主要表現(xiàn)為兩種形式。一種是獎勵過濫過頻，獎<br /><br />勵過重，獎勵過分或獎品不當(dāng)：一種是兌現(xiàn)獎勵。這兩種不當(dāng)獎勵的共同特<br />征是，客觀上把獎勵中原有的思想教育性質(zhì)分離出來，使獎勵脫離了思想教<br />育的正確軌道，削弱了教育意義和效果，甚至產(chǎn)生負(fù)效果。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">獎勵過分是指應(yīng)該表揚的，給予獎勵了；應(yīng)該適當(dāng)獎勵的，獎勵過重了<br />（目前這種趨勢越來越嚴(yán)重）。例如，孩子考了滿分，作文被評為范文，<br />遵守紀(jì)律和制度被評為文明標(biāo)兵、三好生，運動會上獲得了名次等等，這些<br />都應(yīng)給予口頭表揚而不應(yīng)給予獎勵。因為除了鼓勵的目的外，家長還要使孩<br />子認(rèn)識到，努力學(xué)習(xí)做有道德的人是中小學(xué)生應(yīng)該做到的事，只是一般要求。<br />如果孩子在學(xué)習(xí)或道德品質(zhì)方面原來的起點低，確經(jīng)刻苦努力有了突出進步<br />（如學(xué)習(xí)上從后進生上升為中等、中上等，甚至躍入前10名），或者在省市<br />以上單科競賽、科技發(fā)明等方面取得優(yōu)異成績，或者做出了突出事績，則應(yīng)<br />該給予獎勵。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">獎勵過重是指獎品價值過高或活動性獎勵層次等級太高。這種獎勵使獎<br />勵活動失去了應(yīng)有的層次性。一切事物都是辯證的，獎勵層次過高，甚至一<br />下打到了家庭經(jīng)濟允許的最高程度，就可能反過來抑制其繼續(xù)上進的欲望—<br />—主觀抑制和客觀抑制。所謂主觀抑制，是指孩子知道家庭的經(jīng)濟力量已不<br />能滿足他們更高的要求，而不自覺地抑制了上進心。所謂客觀抑制，是指孩<br />子再獲得更高榮譽而需給予獎勵時，家長因經(jīng)濟水平或教育上的原因不能給<br />予更高的獎勵，也會起到一定的抑制作用。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">此外，對于年齡較小的孩子，過重的獎勵還易使其產(chǎn)生錯誤認(rèn)識和不良<br />品質(zhì)，例如以為生活中的一切都來得很容易因而不加愛惜，甚至還會提出更<br />高要求并請家長兌現(xiàn)，以及產(chǎn)生驕傲、炫耀等不良品質(zhì)。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">獎勵過頻過濫是獎勵過分的必然結(jié)果。有點兒進步就獎勵，不該獎勵的<br />也獎勵，孩子就不會去珍視獎勵，更嚴(yán)重的是不會去珍視榮譽，而一旦患了<br />榮譽麻痹癥，認(rèn)為榮譽不足珍惜，獎勵就失去了它的推動力量和作用，孩子<br />的上進意識也就隨之而麻痹了。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">獎勵形式不當(dāng)是目前家庭教育中很普遍也是很嚴(yán)重的問題。獎品不宜為<br />生活用品，尤其不能是妝飾物品和錢。因為這些東西有的是生活必需品，沒<br />有教育意義，有的則是超生活用品（例如孩子已有一雙皮鞋，此次把更高級<br />的皮鞋或時髦樣式的皮鞋作為獎品），有的是對孩子思想品質(zhì)產(chǎn)生錯誤導(dǎo)向<br />的物品（例妝飾品），有的是具有潛在的廣泛危害的物品（例如錢）。而且<br />這些物品與獎勵的氣氛不協(xié)調(diào)。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">兌現(xiàn)獎勵是指以前曾許以諾言，如“期末考試你要能考“雙百”，爸爸<br />給你買..”，“你要考上重點中學(xué)，爸爸帶你到..去游玩”等，待孩子<br />達到了這一要求后兌現(xiàn)這一諾言；或者表現(xiàn)為答應(yīng)了孩子提出的“如果<br />我..，那么你們就..”的要求。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">兌現(xiàn)獎勵對孩子尤其是少年兒童期的孩子危害較大。因為無論是許諾還<br />是答應(yīng)要求，孩子努力的目標(biāo)都已經(jīng)獎品化，甚至商品化了，它排斥孩子正<br />確的學(xué)習(xí)目的，這對人生觀、世界觀處于形成期的青少年來說，與其說是獎<br />勵，不如說是損害更為確切。此外，孩子努力學(xué)習(xí)積極進步完全是學(xué)生的本<br />分，是應(yīng)該做到的事情。對完全應(yīng)該做到的事情提出附加條件，實際上就等<br />于降低了對自己的基本要求，而降低了這種基本要求，也就是人為地束縛了<br />自己在學(xué)習(xí)和進步的主觀能動性——這是一種閃爍著金光的絆索。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">兌現(xiàn)獎勵可以在短期內(nèi)推動孩子進步，但終不能長久，因為他們的學(xué)習(xí)</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400"><br /><span style="COLOR: #006400">目的不純粹也不正確，學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)淺近，主觀能動性差。</span></span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">不僅如此，兌現(xiàn)獎勵次數(shù)多了還會激發(fā)孩子的物質(zhì)追求欲，他們會一次<br />又一次地向家長提出越來越高的物質(zhì)要求。而家長的滿足不僅會“助長他的<br />貪婪與霸道，導(dǎo)致居他人之上的觀念，使兒童變得難以管教”（盧梭，見《盧<br />梭教育思想述評》），還會助長他們不珍惜家長乃至社會的勞動，不懂得對<br />家長乃至他人的愛，使他們變成鐵石心腸的人。</span></p> <p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #006400">獎勵應(yīng)該選擇適宜的環(huán)境和時機進行，應(yīng)該更利于發(fā)揮獎勵的教育鼓勵<br />功能。</span></p>  </div>  <p align='center'></p> <div id="p2zf2f9" class='articleTag'> <span style="font-weight:700;color:black;">相關(guān)博客：</span> <a href="/kcms/blog/lst?sys_types=%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E8%AF%BE%E5%A0%82&tp=blogs">父母課堂</a> <a href="/kcms/blog/bloglist?status=publish&u_id=5&user_types=%E7%BD%91%E4%B8%8A%E5%AE%B6%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%A6%E5%A0%82">網(wǎng)上家長學(xué)堂</a> <div id="mk7uhbr" class="clear"></div> <div id="agrfcln" class="ainfo"> 閱讀次數(shù):<span id="61btps4" class="readtimes">1135</span> 評論次數(shù):<span id="jqk2y1d" class="commenttimes">1</span> 收藏次數(shù):<span id="mhr78sm" class="savedtimes">0</span> <div style="display:none;margin-top:1em;" id="showblogsetup"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return sysrecommend();">設(shè)為推薦</a> | <a 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